Everything about Pardo totally explained
|image =
Marina Silva •
Ronaldinho •
Ronaldo •
Juliana Paes •
Zeca Pagodinho • Xanddy
|popplace = Entire country; highest numbers found in the
North and
Northeast regions of Brazil.
|poptime = 79.782 million or 42.6% of Brazilians
|langs = Predominantly
Portuguese
|rels =
Roman Catholicism,
Protestantism}}
In
Brazil, the
Pardos are a mixture of
Whites,
Blacks and
Amerindians, varying from light to dark complexion, as used by the
Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in censuses since 1950. The word is
Portuguese for "brown" or "grey-brown". The other classifications are "branco" (
White), "negro" (
Black), "amarelo" (yellow) (
East Asian), and "indígena" (
Amerindian).
Pardo is a broad classification that encompasses Brazilians of mixed race ancestry,
mulattos, and assimilated indigenous people ("
caboclos").
Pardo began as a miscellany, or "none of the above" racial category. The first census of the 20th century to ask a colour question was the census of 1940. Colour was determined by the census enumerator, and the three options were white, black, and yellow. If the respondent didn't fit into any of the categories, the enumerator simply drew a horizontal line. When the census data came to be tabulated, all responses with horizontal lines were collected into the single category of "pardo". The IBGE excluded pardo as an answer in response to the rise of European fascism at the time, as an assurance to the public that census data wouldn't be used for discriminatory purposes.
In the 1950 census, "pardo" was actually added as a choice of answer, and colour was chosen by the respondent instead of being determined by the enumerator.
Unofficially, Brazilians also use a racial classification of "
moreno", a word that also means "brown". In a 1995 survey, 32% of the population self-identified as "moreno", with a further 6% self-identifying as "moreno claro" ("light brown"). 7% self-identified as "pardo". Telles describes both classifications as "biologically invalid", but sociologically significant.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Pardo'.
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